1
108

What Is Preeclampsia & Who Gets This Condition?

Have you heard of preeclampsia? Are you interested in knowing what causes this medical condition and how you can treat it?

What Is Preeclampsia

Table of Contents

What Is Preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia (also known in the past as pregnancy toxemia) is defined as a blood pressure higher than 140 mm Hg for the systolic one and 90 mm Hg for the diastolic one (meaning 140/90) after the week 20 of pregnancy. Another characteristic of preeclampsia is the protein level in urine higher than 0.3 g in 24 hours.
Most women who suffer of this medical condition experience a mild form of this affection around their due date and with proper medical care, they don`t encounter too big problems.

Symptoms

This condition can develop gradually, but it often has a sudden onset after 20 weeks of pregnancy and can vary from mild to severe. In case that the blood pressure was in normal limits before pregnancy, symptoms of preeclampsia may include:

  • Increased blood pressure (hypertension) – 140/90 mm Hg or higher – documented twice in at least 6 hours, but no more than 7 days apart.
  • Excess of proteins in urine (proteinuria).
  • Severe headache.
  • Changes in sight, including temporary sight loss, cloudy vision or sensitivity to light.
  • Pain in the upper abdomen, usually under the ribs on the right side.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Decreased urine volume.
  • Most of the times, swelling of hands or face comes with this condition. Swelling isn`t considered as a sign of confidence (pathognomic) for preeclampsia because can also appear during a normal pregnancy.

Get in touch with your doctor if you experience severe headache, cloudy vision or severe upper abdominal pain. Because headaches or nausea are frequent symptoms of pregnancy, it`s difficult to know when these signs are part of a normal pregnancy or they indicate a more serious health problem, especially if it`s the first pregnancy.

Who Gets Preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia as well as other hypertensive disorders related to pregnancy takes place in 5% to 8% of pregnancies of women who doesn`t present any risk factors. There are higher chances for this to happen in the first pregnancy. The most important risk factors for this condition include:

  • Previous history of this condition.
  • Family history of this affection.
  • Multiple pregnancies.
  • History of organ transplant, kidney disease, high blood pressure or diabetes.
  • Sickle-cell disease.
  • First attempt to have a child.
  • Obesity, especially BMI of 30 or greater.
  • The pregnant woman is under 18 years or over 40.
  • POS (Polycystic ovarian syndrome).
  • Autoimmune diseases – lupus, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis.
  • IVF.

Causes

This condition has also been named pregnancy toxemia because the cause was considered the toxin in the blood of pregnant women. This theory has proven to be false, but experts aren`t yet able to explain the cause of this medical complication. Possible causes may by:

  • Insufficient blood flow to the uterus.
  • Damage to blood vessels.
  • An immune system problem.
  • Unhealthy diet.

Other Disorders of Blood Pressure during Pregnancy

This condition is classified as being one of the 4 disorders which cause high blood pressure during pregnancy. The other 3 are:

  • Gestational hypertensionWomen with gestational hypertension have high blood pressure, but don`t have an excess of proteins in urine. Some women with gestational hypertension eventually develop preeclampsia.
  • Chronic hypertension – This is characterized by high blood pressure, which appears before the week 20 of pregnancy or lasts for more than 12 weeks after birth. Usually, chronic hypertension was present (but not diagnosed) before pregnancy.
  • Superimposed preeclampsia – This condition appears in women who have chronic hypertension before pregnancy and who then develop a worst hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy.

Risk Factors

This medical condition appears only during pregnancy and the risk factors are:

  • History of preeclampsia – A personal or familial history of this complication increases the risk of developing this condition.
  • First pregnancy – The risk of developing preeclampsia during pregnancy is slightly higher if you are at your first pregnancy.
  • Age – The risk of this condition is higher for pregnant women who are younger than 20 years old or older than 40 years old.
  • Obesity – The risk of this condition is higher if you suffer from obesity.
  • Multiple pregnancies – This complication is more frequent in women who have twins or triplets.
  • Prolonged interval between pregnancies – This may appear to increase the risk of preeclampsia.
  • Diabetes & gestation diabetes – Women who develop gestational diabetes are at higher risk of developing this condition while the pregnancy develops.
  • Pathological history – chronic hypertension, migraines – headache, diabetes, kidney diseases, rheumatoid arthritis or lupus increase the risk of experiencing this complication.

Other Possible Factors

  • There is some evidence that urinary infection and periodontal disease during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia, which may indicate the fact that antibiotics may play an important role in preventing this condition. There`s also some evidence that the insufficient intake of vitamin D increases the risk of preeclampsia and that supplements with vitamin D at the beginning of pregnancy may play an essential role in preventing this complication.
  • High levels of certain found proteins. Pregnant women who had an increased level of certain proteins in blood or urine have developed preeclampsia. These proteins interfere with the growth and function of blood vessels – strengthening the theory regarding the cause of this condition – abnormalities of blood vessels which feed the placenta.

Note: Get in touch with your doctor immediately if you experience severe headache, severe abdominal pain or blurred vision.

Complications

Most women who have this medical condition give birth to healthy babies. The risks are higher for both the mother and baby if the condition is more severe and if it appears earlier in pregnancy. This complication may require artificially induced labor, but a C-section isn`t always necessary in these cases. Your doctor may recommend it though if the induction of labor becomes difficult due to the gestational age of your baby.

Complications of this condition may include:

  • Lack of blood flow to the placenta – This complication affects arteries which transport blood to the placenta. In case that isn`t enough blood reaching the placenta, the fetus may receive less oxygen and nutrients. This may lead to a slow development, low birth weight, premature birth and breathing difficulties for your baby.
  • Placental abruption – This condition increases the risk of placental abruption, in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before birth. The separation may lead to abundant bleeding and placental lesions, which can put your life in jeopardy as well as the baby`s life.
  • HELLP syndrome –comes from hemolysis (destruction of red cells in blood), elevated liver enzymes and low platelet number. Symptoms of this syndrome include nausea, vomiting, headache and abdominal pains on the right side. This syndrome is extremely dangerous because it can appear before symptoms of preeclampsia.
  • Eclampsia – When preeclampsia isn`t controlled, eclapmpsia – which is basically preeclampsia with convulsions, may appear. Symptoms include abdominal pains on the right side, severe headache, sight problems or change in mental status (decreased alertness). Eclampsia can affect vital organs permanently, such as brain, liver or kidneys. If left untreated, eclampsia leads to coma, brain damage or cerebral lesions.
  • Cardiovascular diseases – preeclampsia can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Treatment

The only way to treat this condition is to give birth to your baby, whether is premature or not. However, if the baby`s life is put in jeopardy, there are a few methods to staging the illness until the baby is born by C-section.

First of all, bed rest is very important and that`s why sometimes hospitalization is even used sometimes, so that the doctor can have the pregnant woman under his supervision. Moreover, intravenous magnesium and antihypertensive medications relieve the condition`s manifestations quite significantly and prevent the crisis caused by preeclampsia.

Prevention

For now, there isn`t anything that a pregnant woman can do to prevent preeclampsia. According to WHO, reducing the amount of salt, calories or changing the daily activities doesn`t help too much. Also, the consumption of fish oil or vitamins A, E or D doesn`t help either. Moreover, WHO claims that supplements of vitamin C and E aren`t recommended (taken separately or combined).

Still, in some cases, it was noticed that the risk of preeclampsia can be reduced if the pregnant woman takes small doses of aspirin. But this is mostly true when it comes to mothers who suffered of preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy and were supposed to give birth due to this cause before the week 34 of pregnancy.

Also, WHO takes into account studies that proven that the intake of food supplements with calcium may prevent preeclampsia, especially in the case of pregnant women with a major deficiency. However, more studies are required for the recommendations to be applied to all pregnant women.

Therefore, the only option remains prenatal medical surveillance. This is because when discovered in an initial phase, preeclampsia can be controlled, and this is the best chance for a mother and child to stay healthy.

Image courtesy of birthinjuryadvocate.com

Show Comments

631 Comments

    • Emikify March 11, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 6, 2023
  1. Wazwwk June 26, 2022
  2. incuchrib August 19, 2022
  3. Pledcluck August 31, 2022
  4. fupChuddy September 1, 2022
  5. Queemeday September 3, 2022
    • Emikify February 20, 2023
    • Ethigue April 21, 2023
    • embarry May 23, 2023
  6. blooguete September 3, 2022
    • Iodindila May 13, 2023
  7. enlislant September 5, 2022
  8. Frickus September 5, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 19, 2023
    • Unrelia May 12, 2023
  9. Addinny September 7, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 11, 2023
    • Unrelia May 6, 2023
  10. reoloulky September 7, 2022
  11. grarneGaT September 10, 2022
    • Emikify March 13, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 8, 2023
  12. bluelia September 10, 2022
    • Emikify February 20, 2023
    • Ethigue April 21, 2023
    • embarry May 24, 2023
  13. Crocreree September 13, 2022
    • Emikify March 6, 2023
    • Ethigue May 1, 2023
  14. Enrocky September 13, 2022
    • Emikify February 24, 2023
    • Ethigue April 24, 2023
  15. Freence September 16, 2022
  16. soifelo September 17, 2022
  17. Affordable seo services September 30, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 14, 2023
  18. consultant Netsuite October 1, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 20, 2023
    • Unrelia May 12, 2023
  19. thoitrangtui.com October 1, 2022
    • Unrelia May 18, 2023
  20. Caffemartierdelray.Com October 1, 2022
  21. Alejandrina October 1, 2022
  22. jk-sun.com October 1, 2022
  23. vape Oil cartridges October 1, 2022
  24. Contramarea.Org October 1, 2022
    • Peeguic May 26, 2023
  25. oracle netsuite Consultancy October 1, 2022
    • Emikify March 8, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 4, 2023
  26. Stonerivermusicfestival.com October 1, 2022
  27. Customjewelrybydesign.Com October 1, 2022
    • Emikify March 20, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 12, 2023
  28. tillmanfranks.com October 1, 2022
  29. newtrendlifestylegroup.Com October 1, 2022
  30. Efren October 1, 2022
    • Higuilk April 22, 2023
  31. Lorene October 1, 2022
  32. Muhammad October 1, 2022
    • Emikify March 13, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 8, 2023
  33. Oracle Netsuite Consultant October 1, 2022
    • Iodindila May 22, 2023
  34. treating adhd in Adults October 2, 2022
    • Emikify March 21, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 13, 2023
  35. Alpinerosesteamboat.com October 2, 2022
    • Iodindila May 18, 2023
  36. undiagnosed adhd In adults October 2, 2022
  37. therevonation.com October 2, 2022
  38. adhd in women October 2, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 7, 2023
    • cloravy May 1, 2023
  39. Oakgrovenac.Com October 2, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 19, 2023
    • Unrelia May 11, 2023
  40. Adhd Uk Diagnosis October 2, 2022
    • Iodindila May 19, 2023
  41. promotorsales.Com October 2, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 16, 2023
    • Unrelia May 9, 2023
  42. Jim October 2, 2022
  43. laginestradibagnara.Com October 2, 2022
    • Unrelia May 16, 2023
  44. Chiquita October 2, 2022
  45. madeincastelvolturno.com October 2, 2022
  46. adhd in adults medication October 2, 2022
    • Unrelia May 14, 2023
  47. vidmines.com October 2, 2022
  48. Rhonda October 2, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 8, 2023
    • Unrelia May 3, 2023
  49. Blestenation.com October 3, 2022
  50. Oracle Netsuite consultant October 3, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 15, 2023
    • Unrelia May 8, 2023
    • Emikify March 18, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 11, 2023
    • UncomeRem March 12, 2023
    • Unrelia May 6, 2023
  51. Cancocoa.Org October 4, 2022
    • Emikify March 20, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 12, 2023
  52. stokethefirewithin.com October 4, 2022
    • Emikify March 15, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 8, 2023
  53. Alice October 4, 2022
    • Higuilk April 26, 2023
  54. Igrejaanglicana.Net October 4, 2022
  55. Silvia October 4, 2022
  56. oktoberfestcharleston.com October 4, 2022
  57. Netsuite Erp Consultant October 4, 2022
  58. naotoogata.com October 4, 2022
    • Emikify March 18, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 11, 2023
  59. Nannie October 4, 2022
    • Higuilk May 1, 2023
  60. Josefa October 4, 2022
    • Emikify March 10, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 5, 2023
  61. jjcrankshaft.com October 4, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 25, 2023
    • cloravy April 24, 2023
  62. Jillian October 4, 2022
    • Unrelia May 16, 2023
  63. climakind.com October 4, 2022
    • Emikify March 17, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 10, 2023
  64. Angelica October 4, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 14, 2023
    • Unrelia May 8, 2023
  65. Jovanarmand.Com October 4, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 21, 2023
    • cloravy April 21, 2023
    • gissuri May 24, 2023
  66. www.rachelyoderbooks.com October 4, 2022
    • Higuilk April 29, 2023
  67. Mckinley October 4, 2022
  68. Ferdinand October 4, 2022
  69. Triplehtacklingacademy.Com October 4, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 24, 2023
  70. consultant netsuite October 4, 2022
  71. Paleoaustralia.Com October 5, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 23, 2023
    • cloravy April 22, 2023
    • gissuri May 25, 2023
  72. Nydia October 5, 2022
  73. erp October 5, 2022
    • Iodindila May 22, 2023
    • UncomeRem March 8, 2023
    • Unrelia May 1, 2023
  74. Luther October 5, 2022
    • Emikify March 10, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 6, 2023
  75. Cbd vape Carts October 5, 2022
    • Higuilk April 21, 2023
  76. oracle October 5, 2022
    • Emikify March 21, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 13, 2023
  77. cbd Vape Cartridges October 6, 2022
  78. advisors October 6, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 24, 2023
    • cloravy April 23, 2023
  79. best Netsuite consultants October 6, 2022
    • Emikify February 22, 2023
    • Ethigue April 23, 2023
    • embarry May 26, 2023
  80. Netsute consultants October 6, 2022
    • Emikify March 5, 2023
    • Ethigue April 30, 2023
  81. Netsuite consultants October 6, 2022
  82. best netsuite Consultants October 6, 2022
  83. Netsuite Consultants October 7, 2022
  84. Tiffani October 7, 2022
  85. Oracle Netsuite Consultancy October 7, 2022
  86. admipsy October 7, 2022
  87. Netsuite Consulting October 7, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 16, 2023
    • Unrelia May 9, 2023
  88. Adhd In Adults Women October 7, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 12, 2023
    • Unrelia May 6, 2023
  89. consultant October 7, 2022
    • Emikify March 21, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 13, 2023
  90. Netsuite Consultancy October 7, 2022
  91. Adhd in women signs October 7, 2022
  92. Netsuite Consultant October 8, 2022
    • Emikify March 20, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 12, 2023
    • Emikify February 25, 2023
    • Ethigue April 24, 2023
  93. Adhd In Adults Medication October 8, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 20, 2023
    • UncomeRem February 21, 2023
    • cloravy April 21, 2023
    • gissuri May 24, 2023
  94. Uplindy October 8, 2022
    • Emikify March 19, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 11, 2023
  95. adhd in adults treatment Uk October 8, 2022
  96. adhd Specialist London October 8, 2022
    • Unrelia May 16, 2023
  97. cbd vape oil cartridges October 8, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 1, 2023
    • cloravy April 27, 2023
  98. cbd prefilled cartridge October 10, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 7, 2023
    • cloravy May 1, 2023
  99. Leonora October 10, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 25, 2023
    • cloravy April 24, 2023
  100. Magamayday.com October 10, 2022
  101. Rightsperu.net October 10, 2022
  102. Temeka October 10, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 28, 2023
    • cloravy April 26, 2023
  103. luistato.net October 10, 2022
  104. Zylofone.Org October 10, 2022
    • Peeguic May 25, 2023
  105. adult adhd specialist london October 11, 2022
    • Emikify February 21, 2023
    • Ethigue April 22, 2023
    • embarry May 25, 2023
  106. Vape Cartridges October 11, 2022
  107. Margery October 11, 2022
  108. Gotexanrestaurantroundup.Com October 11, 2022
    • Peeguic May 24, 2023
  109. Herideasinmotion.Com October 11, 2022
  110. Ibizabusinessmanagement.Com October 11, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 17, 2023
    • Unrelia May 10, 2023
  111. Sktoytrucks.com October 11, 2022
  112. Mrclagoonfest.Com October 11, 2022
  113. Studiosebastienleon.com October 11, 2022
  114. Vape cartridge October 11, 2022
  115. Nqyer.Com October 11, 2022
  116. Esteban October 11, 2022
  117. grabgogourmet.com October 12, 2022
  118. hanoigoldencharmhotel.Com October 12, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 22, 2023
    • cloravy April 21, 2023
    • gissuri May 24, 2023
  119. gmtunetime.com October 12, 2022
  120. Newmagic949.com October 12, 2022
  121. Adriaticgraso.Com October 12, 2022
  122. skylineradioclub.org October 12, 2022
    • Iodindila May 13, 2023
  123. Lancashirewitches400.Org October 12, 2022
  124. jegotteab October 12, 2022
    • Emikify March 16, 2023
  125. vape Carts October 13, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 9, 2023
    • Unrelia May 4, 2023
  126. Drunkonlettering.com October 13, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 24, 2023
    • cloravy April 24, 2023
  127. middletonbrewing.net October 13, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 5, 2023
    • cloravy April 29, 2023
  128. Seo pricing packages October 13, 2022
    • Gyngeassy May 9, 2023
  129. tidaltreasures.org October 13, 2022
  130. Piccolochef.com October 13, 2022
  131. Crurope October 13, 2022
  132. Www.gloriabornstein.com October 13, 2022
    • Peeguic May 23, 2023
  133. cbd vape cartridge October 14, 2022
  134. Spokenhand.org October 14, 2022
  135. marquis-larson.com October 15, 2022
  136. Salonnouvelleville.com October 15, 2022
    • Peeguic May 26, 2023
  137. ilabparaguay.org October 15, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 24, 2023
    • cloravy April 23, 2023
  138. Augustus October 15, 2022
    • Peeguic May 26, 2023
  139. lazyteenagesuperheroes.Com October 15, 2022
    • Gyngeassy May 20, 2023
  140. Seo Services pricing October 16, 2022
  141. bandar togel terpercaya October 16, 2022
  142. Petroplasticqa.com October 17, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 1, 2023
    • cloravy April 27, 2023
  143. Milagro October 17, 2022
    • Iodindila May 12, 2023
  144. Andreiandrei.Com October 17, 2022
    • Emikify February 25, 2023
    • Ethigue April 25, 2023
  145. Theo October 17, 2022
  146. muchosdiasfelices.Com October 17, 2022
  147. azucarmiami.Com October 17, 2022
  148. Demetria October 17, 2022
  149. Aurora October 17, 2022
    • Emikify March 17, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 10, 2023
  150. hondattlegends.com October 17, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 9, 2023
    • Unrelia May 4, 2023
  151. seo pricing packages October 17, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 22, 2023
  152. oletusfogones.com October 19, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 5, 2023
    • cloravy April 29, 2023
  153. danielaurzi.com October 19, 2022
  154. lustforlovefilm.Com October 19, 2022
  155. Binkdavies.Com October 19, 2022
  156. contextdrivenagility.com October 19, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 24, 2023
    • cloravy April 23, 2023
  157. livornoinbattello.info October 19, 2022
    • Iodindila May 14, 2023
  158. summit-design.Com October 19, 2022
    • Iodindila May 21, 2023
  159. arnoldwesley.Com October 19, 2022
  160. Junglelodgecostarica.Com October 19, 2022
  161. ginosonhiggins.com October 20, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 19, 2023
    • Unrelia May 11, 2023
  162. Restorehighland.org October 20, 2022
  163. Rodrick October 20, 2022
    • Unrelia May 19, 2023
  164. Contextdrivenagility.Com October 20, 2022
  165. art-Mengo.com October 20, 2022
    • Emikify February 23, 2023
    • Ethigue April 23, 2023
  166. Will October 20, 2022
  167. Vape Cartridge October 20, 2022
  168. Samual October 20, 2022
  169. Greelycommunity.Org October 21, 2022
    • Higuilk April 24, 2023
  170. Ruedumainerestaurant.Com October 21, 2022
  171. kenabrahambooks.com October 22, 2022
  172. Alanveingrad.com October 22, 2022
    • Unrelia May 20, 2023
  173. boxedwingman.com October 22, 2022
    • Gyngeassy May 20, 2023
  174. Mattolegrange.com October 22, 2022
    • UncomeRem March 3, 2023
    • cloravy April 28, 2023
  175. ettaavenuecakes.com October 22, 2022
  176. Antonia October 23, 2022
  177. royalspicekeene.com October 23, 2022
  178. amazingworldfactsnpics.Com October 24, 2022
    • Gyngeassy May 14, 2023
  179. cbd prefilled cart October 24, 2022
    • Emikify March 21, 2023
    • Gyngeassy May 13, 2023
  180. Maurice October 24, 2022
  181. fsjcurling.com October 24, 2022
    • UncomeRem February 24, 2023
    • cloravy April 24, 2023
  182. Dacia October 25, 2022
    • Iodindila May 16, 2023
  183. Equillalk December 12, 2022
  184. Edgetdype December 12, 2022
  185. Bonsirl December 13, 2022
  186. Adopity December 16, 2022
  187. Lito-jewelry.com January 3, 2023
  188. Hoteljeffery.com January 3, 2023
  189. Lacikonyha.com January 4, 2023
  190. Didyouknowarchive.com January 4, 2023
  191. Amanitarecords.com January 4, 2023
  192. Westexmusichof.com January 5, 2023
  193. roxburycafe.com January 5, 2023
  194. lloydhmiller.com January 6, 2023
  195. fdleventconsulting.com January 6, 2023
  196. 작대기삽니다 January 7, 2023
  197. crypto trading bot January 7, 2023
  198. trading bot sniper January 7, 2023
  199. 작대기삽니다 January 7, 2023
  200. Sergelopez.com January 8, 2023
  201. Fantasmagorik.net January 8, 2023
  202. Parquenacionalamboro.org January 9, 2023
  203. Bigridgetreefarm.com January 9, 2023
  204. Dominiquelesparre.com January 9, 2023
  205. grandeventrentals.net January 9, 2023
  206. campo-fina.com January 10, 2023
  207. chuckwardrealestate.com January 10, 2023
  208. Embersbrewhouse.com January 11, 2023
  209. Nano4814.com January 11, 2023
  210. Themalibuinn.com January 11, 2023
  211. airemasters1.com January 11, 2023
  212. Rethinkingincapacity.org January 11, 2023
  213. Fest3cantos.com January 12, 2023
  214. item493708128 January 12, 2023
  215. Williesbakery.com January 12, 2023
  216. Fana-vk.com January 12, 2023
  217. Ic-prog.net January 12, 2023
  218. Minddump.org January 13, 2023
  219. Ifsodoso.com January 13, 2023
  220. Ifsodoso.com January 14, 2023
  221. Jaimebeechum.com January 15, 2023
  222. Totallylaimepodcast.com January 15, 2023
  223. Dry carpet cleaning January 15, 2023
  224. tampa strippers January 15, 2023
  225. Cigarrest January 15, 2023
  226. miami strippers January 16, 2023
  227. 대마초팝니다 January 16, 2023
  228. fucking January 16, 2023
  229. Itacaescueladeescritura.com January 17, 2023
  230. tresebastian.com January 17, 2023
  231. Dalmacijawineexpo.com January 17, 2023
  232. Airshoot-technologie.com January 17, 2023
  233. Julessdesign.com January 17, 2023
  234. Oasissalsero.com January 17, 2023
  235. Meliahotels-store.com January 18, 2023
  236. Recycleme.org January 18, 2023
  237. Emilyobrien.net January 18, 2023
  238. Studentshowcase.net January 18, 2023
  239. Wdhsvideo.org January 18, 2023
  240. First aid January 18, 2023
  241. martialartsmbs.com January 19, 2023
  242. Tesenergyfacade.com January 19, 2023
  243. Thisstuffisgolden.com January 19, 2023
  244. muglifecoffee.com January 19, 2023
  245. Chanaewing.com January 19, 2023
  246. Shermand Oaks January 21, 2023
  247. home security quotes January 21, 2023
  248. Moorpark January 22, 2023